Name: Tuberculosis (BCG) Vaccination

Description: The BCG vaccine protects against tuberculosis (TB), a serious bacterial infection mainly affecting the lungs. Recommended by UK JCVI for at-risk infants and travellers (under 16) visiting high-incidence regions for prolonged stays.

Price: 99

Currency: GBP

Dose: 1

Age From: 0

Age To: 35

Timing: For full protection, BCG should be given at least 4 weeks before travel.

Effectiveness: Such as pain, redness, bruising and swelling are common

Duration: Recommended for unvaccinated children up to 5 years old

Timing Note: BCG is most effective when given in infancy. It is not routinely given to people over 35 as evidence of protection is limited.

Effectiveness Note: BCG is effective at preventing (up to approx 70-90%) the worst form of childhood TB, such as meningitis and miliary TB, but the protection against the commonest variety of adult pulmonary TB is less certain and falls below average; immunity tends to decline over time (usually estimated about 10-15 years).

Duration Note: Children (Under 5-16) Recommended for unvaccinated children up to 5 years old (or sometimes 15-16) at high risk, or living in areas with high TB incidence.

High Risk Areas: Sub-Saharan Africa Indian subcontinent (India, Pakistan, Bangladesh) South East Asia (Indonesia, Philippines, Vietnam) Parts of Eastern Europe and Russia China and neighbouring countries Parts of South and Central America

Traveller Risk Factors: Unvaccinated infants and children under 16 living or travelling for over 3 months to high-incidence areas Healthcare workers at risk of occupational exposure Close contacts of active TB cases People born in, or with family from, high-incidence countries

Protection Title: TB control interventions (such as screening and treatment of latent infection) are still relevant.

Protection Description: BCG acts by ensuring that the immune system becomes responsive to the TB bacteria, which lowers the occurrence of severe TB disease, particularly in young children, but does not totally prevent TB infection and is less effective in preventing lung TB in adults; thus, other TB control interventions (such as screening and treatment of latent infection) are still relevant.

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