Name: Tuberculosis (BCG) Vaccine

Description: Vaccine BCG (Bacilli Calmette-Guerin) is a live attenuated Bacterial vaccination which is composed of Mycobacterium bovos and is employed in the prevention of TB (tuberculosis), particularly severe cases of the disease in children, by facilitating immune system reaction against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, although not with this organism.

Price: 99

Currency: EURO

Dose: 1

Age From: 1

Age To: 5

Timing: 5 month to 5 year

Effectiveness: Such as pain, redness, bruising and swelling are common

Duration: Recommended for unvaccinated children up to 5 years old

Timing Note: TB skin test (TST) may produce a false-positive result because of BCG vaccination, and therefore, blood-based interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs) should be utilized to identify TB infection in people who are vaccinated; not all vaccinated individuals get a visible scar, although this does not necessarily imply a protective effect.

Effectiveness Note: BCG is effective at preventing (up to approx 70-90%) the worst form of childhood TB, such as meningitis and miliary TB, but the protection against the commonest variety of adult pulmonary TB is less certain and falls below average; immunity tends to decline over time (usually estimated about 10-15 years).

Duration Note: Children (Under 5-16) Recommended for unvaccinated children up to 5 years old (or sometimes 15-16) at high risk, or living in areas with high TB incidence.

High Risk Areas: <p>BCG is not very toxic but can result in local reaction (e.g., redness, swelling, small ulcer, scar), and in some cases, severe local or regional complications. It should not be used in patients with impaired immune systems (e.g., HIV-positive with severe immunosuppression) and is generally not used in pregnancy due to the presence of live bacteria in it.</p>

Traveller Risk Factors: <ul> <li>Localised side effects, such as pain, redness, bruising and swelling are common with the BCG vaccine.</li> <li>Uncommon side effects (occurring in 1 per 100-1 per 1000 individuals) &nbsp;include fever, headache, loss of appetite, irritability and enlarged lymph gland near the injection site (in the armpit or the neck). These are normally short-lived and get better by themselves.</li> <li>Rare side effects include allergic reaction to the vaccine and skin abscess.</li> </ul>

Protection Title: TB control interventions (such as screening and treatment of latent infection) are still relevant.

Protection Description: BCG acts by ensuring that the immune system becomes responsive to the TB bacteria, which lowers the occurrence of severe TB disease, particularly in young children, but does not totally prevent TB infection and is less effective in preventing lung TB in adults; thus, other TB control interventions (such as screening and treatment of latent infection) are still relevant.

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